The Sanctity of
LIFE
Created in God's Image
Whether you are a Christian or not, it's undeniable that the Bible has had a profound influence on government, society, and family structures. Its timeless wisdom and historical relevance have made it one of the most studied and revered texts in history, offering guidance on fundamental aspects of human life.
A key theme throughout the Bible is the contrast between life and death. The word 'life' appears in 383 verses, 57 chapters, and 48 books of the Bible, while 'death' is mentioned in 307 verses, 51 chapters, and 43 books (KJV).
The first mention of life occurs in the opening book, Genesis. Genesis beautifully recounts the origin of the universe, along with human, animal, and plant life. It is also in Genesis that we encounter the first mention of death, a direct result of Adam and Eve’s disobedience to their Creator, God.
In His Own Image
What makes the life of a human superior to that of an oak tree or a chicken? In a universe formed through random evolutionary processes, a blade of grass holds the same value as a human being. The Bible, however, does not teach that our origin began from primordial soup, but rather that God created us and the world around us.
On the sixth day of creation, Genesis 1:27-28 states: 'So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.' God blessed them and said to them, 'Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the ground.' (NIV)
Dimensions of Imago Dei
Biblical scholars and theologians refer to the concept of being created in the image of God as Imago Dei, which in Latin means “image of God”. Karl Barth, N.T. Wright, and John Calvin each offer distinct perspectives on Imago Dei and humanity’s likeness to God.
John Calvin
(1509–1564)
a French theologian, pastor, and reformer during the Protestant Reformation, emphasized that humanity reflects God's character and relational nature. For Calvin, being created in God's image means that every human being possesses inherent dignity and worth, which should shape how we treat one another. He stressed that acts of violence, particularly murder or harm, are direct violations of the image of God. Calvin wrote, "To harm another human being, whether by murder or some other physical harm, is to attack the image of God himself."
Karl Barth
(1886–1968)
a Swiss theologian known for his opposition to the Nazi regime in Germany, approached Imago Dei from a social and relational perspective. In his view, being created in the image of God is not merely about human dominion over creation, but about being able to enter into a relational, “I-Thou” relationship with God. As explained in Craig A. Carter’s essay on Barth, “The point here is not simply that humans exist in two genders, but that each person, by virtue of being created for relationship (as demonstrated by the companionship between man and woman), is a fitting counterpart to God and can engage in a personal relationship with Him.” Barth believed that humans, as male and female, were specifically created to enter into proper relationship with God.
In other words, Karl Barth believed that people, as male and female, were made by God to have a special relationship with Him, not only to rule over the world.
N.T. Wright
(1948–present)
a prominent New Testament scholar and retired Anglican bishop, interprets Imago Dei in a more functional sense. Wright argues that humans were created in the image of God to reflect His holiness and likeness to the world. Through humanity, Wright asserts, God’s nature can be revealed and worshiped by others.
Human Dignity
What is Dignity?
Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines dignity as “the quality or state of being worthy, honored, or esteemed.” In this sense, we can see how the concept of Imago Dei ties into human dignity. Christians believe that at creation, God bestowed dignity upon humanity. Before Adam and Eve’s sin, humanity was perfect and had perfect dignity. It wasn’t until after Adam and Eve ate from the forbidden tree in the garden, causing sin to enter the world, that human dignity was permanently affected.
Genesis 3:6-8 (NIV) states:
"When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it. Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves. Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord God as he was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they hid from the Lord God among the trees of the garden."
Because of this rebellion, humanity was no longer worthy, honored, or esteemed in the same way. Their once intimate relationship with God was damaged, resulting in fear and separation from Him. However, because our Creator is a loving and gracious God, He provided the gift of salvation through the death and resurrection of His Son, Jesus Christ, so that we may have life.
Although we no longer possess perfect dignity because of sin, we are still called by Jesus to treat everyone with the dignity and respect they were given at creation.
As Colossians 3:12-14 (NIV) says:
"Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience. Bear with each other and forgive one another if any of you has a grievance against someone. Forgive as the Lord forgave you. And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity.
Life Begins at Conception
When does life begin?
Is it when you reach retirement and leave behind your 9-5 job?
Does it start when you take your first steps or say your first words?
Or perhaps just minutes before birth?
We believe that life begins at the moment of conception.
Knitted Together
Let’s take a look at what the Bible says about God’s role in conception.
In Psalm 139:13, it says, 'For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mother’s womb.' David (the author of this Psalm) acknowledges that God is ultimately responsible for his life and conception.
Another example is found in Jeremiah 1:5, which states, 'Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations.' Here, God’s role in the creation of the prophet Jeremiah is emphasized. Notice the phrases, 'I formed you,' 'I knew you,' and 'before you were born.' This verse illustrates that God plays an active role in our creation and conception.
In both of these passages, God is not a passive observer, but an intentional designer. Just as He controls the biology that shapes algae, eagles, and cacti, He also intricately designs and forms each of us in our mother’s womb.
Wonderfully Made
“For you formed my inward parts; you knitted me together in my mother’s womb. I praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made. Wonderful are your works; my soul knows it very well. My frame was not hidden from you, when I was being made in secret, intricately woven in the depths of the earth. Your eyes saw my unformed substance; in your book were written, every one of them, the days that were formed for me, when as yet there were none of them.” Psalm 139:13-16 (ESV).
Let’s take a closer look at Psalm 139 verses 13 through 16.
William Higgins
William Higgins, an Irish chemist known for his early contributions to atomic theory, offered insights into Psalm 139 in relation to the unborn. Higgins states “In this passage, the term "inward parts" (v. 13) literally refers to "kidneys," often translated as "heart" in English, symbolizing the entire inner being. The word "frame" (v. 15) denotes the bones or physical structure of the body. Additionally, "unformed substance" (v. 16) is a unique term in the Old Testament, translated in some versions as "fetus" or "embryo," highlighting the developmental stage of the child. David's poetic language in this passage emphasizes the intricacy of the developing human life and underscores the focus on the sanctity of the unborn.”
David Guzik
David Guzik is a pastor, Bible teacher, and author known for his widely used Bible commentary, Enduring Word. In his commentary on Psalm 139, Guzik writes, “What David (and others) could not see, God could see perfectly. This is another demonstration of His perfect knowledge and care.” He also adds, “God’s perfect knowledge did not only extend to the past, before David was born. It also extended to the future, and God knew David’s days as if they had been written in a book.”
Psalm 139 offers profound insight into God’s role in our lives, encompassing the past, present, and future, highlighting His omniscience and care.
All Life is a Gift
Life, in all its stages, is a precious gift from God. Our bodies are an accumulation of around
30,000,000,000,000
cells, all working together in different ways to allow our hearts to beat, our lungs to breathe, and our eyes to see. Your life has been a miracle from the moment you started developing in your mother’s womb. As you explore this museum, reflect on the awesome reality that is you. Reflect on the design that is evident in your every movement and decision.
Choose Life
Life is full of opportunities, challenges, triumphs, pain, joy, and sorrow. Regardless of where you were born, who your parents are, or how much money you have, you always have a choice. You can choose life (blessing), or you can choose death (curse).
Deuteronomy 30:19 says, 'This day I call the heavens and the earth as witnesses against you that I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Now choose life, so that you and your children may live…'
But do we really have a choice? Can we truly avoid choosing death (curse)? We all know people struggling with addiction, have lost loved ones unexpectedly, or have witnessed the devastation caused by natural disasters. The truth is, we live in a broken, dark, and dangerous world. The curse of sin and death entered through Adam and Eve’s disobedience, and we continue to experience its effects daily.
Yet, despite what we can’t control, other people, the weather, disease, we still have the power to choose life over death. Choosing to hold back from retaliating against the person who cut you off in traffic, or deciding to move forward with a pregnancy despite fears of financial or career instability, are both examples of choosing life in both a figurative and literal sense. Let today be the day you commit to seeking truth over lies and choosing life over death.
Gracious Gift
Life is not an accident or a random sequence of events, it is a gracious gift from God. Each heartbeat, each breath, and each new day is evidence of His mercy and care, even when our circumstances feel overwhelming.
We often chase success, recognition, or personal control, believing that fulfillment comes through our own strength. Yet even in moments of achievement, an emptiness can remain if we miss the deeper truth: life itself comes from the hand of God, and its greatest purpose is found in Him. Proverbs 16:9 reminds us, “In their hearts humans plan their course, but the Lord establishes their steps.” Our abilities and accomplishments are not for ourselves alone, but for serving others and glorifying God.
At times, we make plans for our future, dreams about careers, relationships, or what our lives should look like, only to find those plans falling apart. This can leave us confused or discouraged. Yet God’s Word assures us that His plans are never uncertain. As Jeremiah 29:11 declares, “For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Lord, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” While our paths may take unexpected turns, we can trust that God is guiding us with wisdom far greater than our own.
Hardship may cause us to question the value of life. Pain, loss, or broken dreams can make it hard to see God’s goodness. But His Word assures us otherwise: “In all things God works for the good of those who love Him” (Romans 8:28). Even in suffering, life retains its immeasurable worth because God’s purpose is still at work.
When we view life through this lens, we see that no life is meaningless, disposable, or without value. Every life, your own and the lives of others, is part of God’s divine plan. Each one is more than cells and biology; each one is a sacred gift, worthy of protection, honor, and love.
Philosophy of Life as a Gift
The belief that life is a gift from God is foundational in Christian teachings about being good caretakers and stewards.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains that God gives us life, but it's not ours to control however we want. Instead, we are supposed to take care of life, including our own and others, like the unborn (CCC 2280). It teaches that all of creation, including human life, is meant to benefit everyone, and it's our job to protect it, especially for those who can't protect themselves (CCC 2402). This idea supports the pro-life view, which says that life, from the very beginning, is valuable and should be defended.
John Stott (1921–2011), an influential British theologian, preacher, and author, discusses in his book The Radical Disciple how Christians have a responsibility to care for God's gifts, including life. He explains that being a good steward means protecting life and ensuring that it is treated with respect. This reminds us that every life, no matter how small, is precious and needs to be nurtured and safeguarded, just like other aspects of God's creation.
Catholicism
Protestant Christianity
Both Catholic and Protestant Christian teachings emphasize that life is a special gift from God, and it is our responsibility to care for it. Whether it involves protecting the environment or the lives of unborn babies, Christians believe they are called to nurture these gifts with love and care. This is the essence of the pro-life movement, ensuring that all life, especially the most vulnerable, is protected and valued.
The Value of Every Life
“God gives you a 24-hour slice of time in which your investments will have eternal repercussions.”
No matter your circumstances, whether you face joy or hardship, health or suffering, each day presents a powerful choice. You can choose to embrace life, in all its beauty and complexity, or fall into the trap of despair.
Joni Eareckson Tada reminds us that even in the most difficult situations, like her friend Kim’s struggle with Lou Gehrig's disease, there is always an opportunity to invest in eternity. Each breath, every act of kindness, and every moment lived in faith is an opportunity to reflect God's purpose and make a difference. As Joni shared, even the most fragile life, whether that of an unborn baby or someone confined to a bed, has immense value.
The Bible tells us in 1 Corinthians 6:19, "You are not your own; therefore, honor God with your body." This reminder calls us to cherish the life we've been given, to see each day not as a burden, but as a chance to make a lasting impact. Whether it’s a simple smile, a word of encouragement, or a quiet prayer, these small acts of love ripple into eternity.
Today, choose life. Choose to see every challenge as an opportunity to grow in faith, to love others, and to make a difference. Just as Joni advised Kim, our time on earth is brief, but with each choice we make, we can invest in something far greater than ourselves.
Image source: www.anabaptistworld.org
“God works in a life from the very first moment to the very final moment.”
“Life has meaning now and forever… every breath, every little heartbeat… is capable of being exchanged for something precious.”
Two Sparrows
Although everything in the universe was created by God and has value, God values humanity above all creation.
Matthew 10:29-31 states: 'Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground outside your Father’s care. And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So don’t be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.'
Dignity of the Vulnerable
Rabbi Jonathan Sacks often emphasized the moral duty to protect the vulnerable, rooted in Jewish teachings that highlight the sanctity of life and the responsibility to care for others. A central Jewish belief is that every human being is created b’tzelem Elohim (in the image of God), found in Genesis 1:27. This concept serves as the foundation for Rabbi Sacks’ views on human dignity and the protection of life, particularly for those who are vulnerable or at risk, such as the unborn, elderly, and disabled.
Rabbi Sacks frequently spoke about the commandment to "love your neighbor as yourself" (Leviticus 19:18) as a call to action. He emphasized that the Jewish tradition mandates not only empathy but active responsibility for others. In Leviticus 19:16, we are commanded, "Do not stand idly by when your neighbor’s life is threatened." Rabbi Sacks interpreted this to mean that protecting life is not just an individual moral obligation, but a communal one. This teaching parallels the Christian concept of defending the weak and vulnerable as a moral duty.
He also stressed the importance of justice and compassion, often pointing to the Torah’s repeated commands to care for the stranger, the orphan, and the widow (Deuteronomy 10:18). These groups are representative of society’s most vulnerable, and Jewish law requires special care for them. Rabbi Sacks taught that these commandments guide us to uphold a culture that respects and protects life in all its stages, from conception to natural death.
For Rabbi Sacks, the Jewish obligation to protect life was also connected to the idea of creating a just and compassionate society, where the weak and vulnerable are treated with dignity. He argued that societies are judged by how they care for their most helpless members, reflecting the ethical teachings of the prophets, who often called for justice for the marginalized (Isaiah 1:17).
In this way, Rabbi Sacks’ teachings on the sanctity of life and the need to care for the vulnerable are deeply rooted in Jewish scripture, emphasizing the duty of both individuals and society to act with compassion and justice.
Darwin’s Racial Hierarchies
If you grew up with an American public education, you probably have heard of a person named Charles Darwin, and a thing called evolution.
In his book The Descent of Man, Darwin expresses views that can be interpreted as promoting racial hierarchies. He suggests that "civilized races" would eventually replace "savage" ones, implying a natural superiority of Europeans over other groups. For example, he writes about the "extermination of the savage races" by more advanced civilizations, which reflects the racial biases of his time. Additionally, Darwin compares certain non-European peoples to apes, indicating a belief that they were less evolved than Europeans. For instance, he notes that as Europeans progress, the gap between them and their closest evolutionary ancestors, such as apes, will grow larger, placing people like "the negro or Australian" between the gorilla and Europeans on an evolutionary scale.
The following content may be disturbing to some viewers.
Image source: www.bbc.com
The racism that resulted from this way of thinking was horrific. One tragic example can be found in a man named Ota Benga, a Congolese man exhibited in the Bronx Zoo in 1906.
Ota Benga was a member of the Mbuti pygmy group from what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. Born around 1883, his life took a tragic turn when his family and village were massacred by Belgian forces, who were exploiting the region for its natural resources. After this devastating event, Benga was captured by slave traders. In 1904, he was "purchased" by Samuel Phillips Verner, who brought him to the United States to be exhibited at the St. Louis World’s Fair alongside other Africans.
Benga's treatment worsened when, in 1906, he was put on display at the Bronx Zoo in New York, where he was exhibited in the Monkey House alongside an orangutan. He was encouraged to interact with visitors as part of the "exhibit," which reinforced racist stereotypes about Africans being closer to animals than to humans. This dehumanizing display sparked protests, especially from Black clergy who argued for his release. Despite the zoo’s defense of the exhibit, Benga was eventually removed from the zoo.
After his release, Benga struggled to find a place in society. He moved to Virginia, where he attended school and worked in a tobacco factory, hoping to return to Africa. However, when World War I broke out, travel became impossible. Isolated and depressed, Benga tragically took his own life in 1916.
Ota Benga
Ota Benga (right) at the 1904 World’s Fair, where he and others were displayed as part of a so-called “pygmy” exhibit.
Ota Benga
Image source: www.bbc.com
The Holocaust
Darwin’s theory of evolution, particularly the concept of "survival of the fittest," was co-opted by Nazi ideologists to justify their beliefs in racial superiority and the extermination of "inferior" races. Although Darwin himself did not advocate for such policies, the Nazis distorted his ideas to support their racial hierarchy. They believed that the so-called "Aryan" race had evolved to a higher level than other groups and used this as a basis for eugenics programs aimed at purifying the German race through forced sterilizations and, ultimately, genocide.
Nazi thinkers, influenced by social Darwinism, viewed the extermination of Jews, Roma, and other groups as part of a natural process of weeding out the weak to allow the strong to survive. Key Nazi figures like Ernst Haeckel, a proponent of Darwinism in Germany, argued that human life was subject to the same evolutionary laws as animals, reinforcing Nazi racial policies that led to the Holocaust.
The following content may be disturbing to some viewers.
The KKK
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), a white supremacist organization founded after the American Civil War, used ideas of racial superiority to justify their violent actions and discrimination against African Americans and other minority groups. Although Darwin's theory of evolution did not directly inspire the KKK, certain interpretations of evolutionary concepts, such as "survival of the fittest," were later co-opted by white supremacists, including the KKK, to rationalize their beliefs in racial hierarchies.
Social Darwinism played a role in promoting the idea that certain races were more "evolved" or superior. This distorted application of evolutionary theory supported racist ideologies like those upheld by the KKK, reinforcing their belief that African Americans were inferior and that racial segregation and violence were necessary to maintain white dominance. The KKK often invoked such pseudo-scientific justifications to support their actions during Reconstruction and later periods of racial terror in the U.S.
From 1882 to 1968, there were approximately 4,743 documented lynchings, with 3,446 of the victims being Black. The KKK targeted African Americans for alleged crimes or violations of social norms, and many of these lynchings were public spectacles meant to instill fear and maintain racial hierarchy.
Racism, the Holocaust, and the Ku Klux Klan are all examples of what can happen when society fails to recognize the equal value we all possess as human beings. In his TED Talk, Daryl Davis shares his experience with the KKK, highlighting a profound truth: 'ignorance breeds fear.'
History shows us the tragic consequences of dehumanizing others, whether through racism, the horrors of the Holocaust, or the actions of groups like the KKK. In each case, the perpetrators justified their violence by stripping others of their inherent worth and humanity. Similarly, abortion often follows the same pattern of dehumanization, where the unborn are labeled as 'less than' or 'inconvenient,' allowing society to dismiss their right to life. When we devalue the life of the unborn, we echo these dark moments in history, where fear, prejudice, and a lack of compassion led to immense suffering.
In contrast, when we embrace the belief that we are created by God, in His image, it should compel us to view others as equals. We all share a common ancestry, and each of us has been uniquely handcrafted by God in our mothers' wombs (Psalm 139:13). This understanding of our shared humanity calls us to honor and protect life at every stage.
The following content may be disturbing to some viewers.
Called to Protect Life
For the Voiceless
You were born without a voice, never able to speak a word. From the moment you could understand, others spoke for you, shaping your identity and future without your consent. "She’s a burden," they said. "Her life isn’t worth living." Over time, their words weren’t just cruel, they became final. They decided for you, claiming to know your pain better than you ever could. "She’d be better off dead," they whispered, and soon those whispers turned into plans. Decisions were made, papers signed, and your fate was sealed, not by your own thoughts or desires, but by those who believed they knew what was best. In their hands, your life, silent from the start, was extinguished, never given the chance to speak.
Just as you were born without a voice, there are countless lives that never get the chance to speak for themselves. They remain silent, their futures decided by the words and decisions of others. In the same way people spoke for you, shaping your life with their assumptions, many unborn children have their fates decided before they even draw breath. Those who choose abortion often do so under pressure, fear, or the weight of external voices telling them what they should want, who their child would be, or what their future will hold. The unborn are left voiceless, much like you were in the story, with others deciding that their lives hold no value. But just as you longed for someone to see past the noise and give you a chance to live, so too do these lives deserve the chance to speak for themselves, if only we choose to listen.
The Bible says that we should not place stumbling blocks in front of the blind, or curse the deaf (Leviticus 19:14). We should all follow the golden rule, treat others as you yourself would like to be treated.
Good Samaritan
The story of the Good Samaritan, found in Luke 10:25-37, begins when a lawyer asks Jesus, “Who is my neighbor?” In response, Jesus tells a parable:
A man was traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho when he was attacked by robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him, and left him half dead by the side of the road. Several people passed by the man: first, a priest, then a Levite. Both saw him but crossed to the other side, offering no help.
Finally, a Samaritan, a person from a group often despised by the Jews, came across the injured man. Despite the cultural tensions, the Samaritan was filled with compassion. He went to the man, tended to his wounds with oil and wine, bandaged him, and placed him on his own donkey. The Samaritan took the man to an inn, cared for him, and even paid the innkeeper to look after him, promising to cover any additional costs upon his return.
Jesus concludes by asking the lawyer, “Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?” The lawyer responds, “The one who had mercy on him.” Jesus then tells him, “Go and do likewise.”
The Good Samaritan teaches us that true compassion knows no boundaries, whether social, cultural, or religious. It challenges us to care for those in need, even if they are different from us or if helping them requires sacrifice. Just as the Samaritan did not hesitate to aid the wounded man, we are called to extend mercy to those who are suffering, whether through physical, emotional, or spiritual care.
This parable reminds us to see others as fellow human beings, deserving of dignity and love, regardless of their background. It urges us to take action when we encounter someone in need, just as the Samaritan took immediate, tangible steps to help the injured man. In our own lives, this could mean offering support to the vulnerable, standing up for the marginalized, or simply being available to lend a helping hand. True compassion is shown in action, not just in sentiment.
Page References
Created in God's Image
https://www.learnthebible.org/bible/concordance/17947 https://www.learnthebible.org/bible/concordance/19453 https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%201&version=NIV https://www.gotquestions.org/image-of-God.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2yUftbD2-E https://digitalcollections.tyndale.ca/bitstream/handle/20.500.12730/459/Carter_Craig_A_2008a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8gtYZpnG1Y https://www.laniertheologicallibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Revised-N.-T.-Wright_Bio.pdf https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dignity https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%203&version=NIV https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Colossians%203&version=NIV
All Life is a Gift
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4991899/ https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy%2030&version=NIV https://biblehub.com/sermons/auth/anderson/life_a_divine_gift_and_discipline.htm https://www.catholiccrossreference.online/catechism/#!/search/2280-2283 https://www.catholiccrossreference.online/catechism/#!/search/2402
Life Begins at Conception
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah%201&version=NIV https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%20139&version=NIV https://www.blueletterbible.org/comm/guzik_david/study-guide/psalm/psalm-139.cfm?a=617014 https://williamshiggins.net/2019/04/04/formed-by-god-psalm-13913-16-2/ https://www.dib.ie/biography/higgins-william-a4005
The Value of Every Life
https://open.spotify.com/episode/5aPOekmyQUcmUckbevbRvr?si=ob7sr2xOQey36i9bDm3WCg https://www.focusonthefamily.com/episodes/broadcast/the-value-of-a-life-worth-living https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0b0-sT91oPw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgTdKs3bNYs https://rabbisacks.org https://answersingenesis.org/charles-darwin/racism/did-darwin-promote-racism/ https://sites.williams.edu/engl-209-fall16/uncategorized/the-dark-side-of-darwinism/ https://creation.com/ota-benga-the-pygmy-put-on-display-in-a-zoo https://answersingenesis.org/charles-darwin/racism/hitler-and-evolution/ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history/article/abs/from-darwin-to-hitler-evolutionary-ethics-eugenics-and-racism-in-germany/95BFD6A840E071BC93E974216AE73B58 https://www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/History/Faculty/Weikart/Darwinism-in-Nazi-Racial-Thought.pdf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BUrlNU9m6U https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/social-darwinism https://www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/History/Faculty/Weikart/Darwinism-in-Nazi-Racial-Thought.pdf https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/history-lynching-america https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=u0fGRrakdJmNLqXu&v=KXo_9DG6aV8&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORp3q1Oaezw&t=233s